Mathematical formulas

Calculus II

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Sections

1Notation, domains and conventions
2Indefinite integral and properties
3Definite integral and Fundamental Theorem of Calculus
4Substitution method
5Integration by parts
6Trigonometric integrals
7Trigonometric substitution and quadratic radicals
8Rational functions and partial fractions
9Improper integrals
10Applications of the integral
11Numerical integration
12Parametric curves
13Polar coordinates
14Sequences and series
15Power series and Taylor series
16Elementary differential equations
17Guide to choosing a method
AAppendix A: extensive table of antiderivatives
BAppendix B: useful equivalences

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Calculus II
Fundamental forms
Formula

7.4. Fundamental forms

Formula

In 7.4. Fundamental forms

Formula

\int\frac{dx}{\sqrt{x^2-a^2}} =\ln\left|x+\sqrt{x^2-a^2}\right|+C

Tags

antiderivative
substitution
substitution trigonometric forms fundamental
tecnica fundamental

Variables

$C$ Constante real de integración
$x$ Variable independiente (variable de integración)
$a$ Constante real (a menudo $a>0$ )
$dx$ Diferencial respecto de $x$
$\ln$ Natural logarithm

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$\int\frac{dx}{\sqrt{x^2+a^2}} =\ln\left|x+\sqrt{x^2+a^2}\right|+C$
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$\int\frac{dx}{x\sqrt{x^2-a^2}} =\frac{1}{a}\operatorname{arcsec}\!\left|\frac{x}{a}\right|+C, \qquad |x|>a>0$
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$\int\frac{dx}{a^2+x^2} =\frac{1}{a}\arctan\!\left(\frac{x}{a}\right)+C, \qquad a>0$
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$\int\frac{dx}{\sqrt{a^2-x^2}} =\arcsin\!\left(\frac{x}{a}\right)+C, \qquad |x|<a$
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